Mastalgia, commonly known as breast pain, is a condition characterized by discomfort, tenderness, or pain in one or both breasts. This pain can range from mild to severe and may be described as aching, throbbing, or sharp. Mastalgia is typically classified into two categories: cyclic and non-cyclic. Cyclic mastalgia is related to the menstrual cycle and usually occurs in the days leading up to menstruation due to hormonal fluctuations, particularly changes in estrogen and progesterone levels. This type of pain often affects both breasts and tends to improve after the menstrual period. Non-cyclic mastalgia is not related to the menstrual cycle and can have various causes, including trauma, infections, cysts, or conditions like costochondritis, where the cartilage connecting the ribs to the breastbone becomes inflamed. In some cases, non-cyclic pain may also be related to medications, such as hormone replacement therapy or certain antidepressants.
Treatment for mastalgia depends on the underlying cause and severity of the symptoms. For cyclic mastalgia, over-the-counter pain relievers like ibuprofen or acetaminophen can help alleviate discomfort. Wearing a supportive bra and applying warm or cold compresses may also provide relief. Hormonal treatments, such as oral contraceptives or hormone therapy, may be adjusted to reduce breast pain. For non-cyclic mastalgia, identifying and addressing the specific cause is crucial; this may involve treating infections, discontinuing or changing medications, or managing conditions like costochondritis. It is important to consult a healthcare provider if breast pain is persistent, severe, or accompanied by other symptoms, such as a lump or nipple discharge, to rule out serious conditions like breast cancer.
